High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics (HEP)
ET Enterprises has a long history of supplying photomultiplier tubes that are used in high energy physics (HEP) experiments. There main areas of research are:
- Particle accelerators, where particles are accelerated to nearly the speed of light, acquiring energies which have not been reached since the birth of the universe. The particles are made to collide at the focus of vast calorimeters which detect the new particles created in the collision. The data is used to test the fundamental theories of the strong and weak forces and the quark structure of matter.
- Neutrino, dark matter, and weakly interacting particle detectors which are located in vast underground chambers to screen them from the cosmic ray background. Astrophysicists use the results to test theories of both these particles and the mechanisms powering stars, supernovas, and active galaxies.
Related Products
| Product | Description |
|---|---|
| 9128B Series | 30 mm diameter, 11-stage, blue bialkali photomultiplier with plano-concave window. |
| 9134B Series | 30 mm diameter, 9-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
| 9821B Series | 78 mm diameter, 12-stage, blue bialkali photomultiplier with plano-concave window. |
| 9822B Series | 78 mm diameter, 10-stage, blue bialkali photomultiplier with plano-concave window. |
| 9823B Series | 130 mm diameter, 14-stage, blue bialkali photomultiplier with plano-concave window. |
Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Many types of astronomical observations can only be done from above the earth's atmosphere. Special rugged photomultiplier tubes are used in the instruments which are launched aboard spacecraft. ET Enterprises' products have been used for many NASA and ESA missions. Some of the most noteworthy are the INTEGRAL and Hubble Space Telescopes, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the SOHO solar observatory, the Hipparcos star mapping satellite, and the Ulysses solar polar mission.
Related Products
| Product | Description |
|---|---|
| 9272B Series | Rugged 51 mm diameter, 10-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
| 9273B Series | Rugged 78 mm diameter, 9-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
| 9274B Series | Rugged 78 mm diameter, 10-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
| 9275B Series | Rugged 130 mm diameter, 10-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
| 9276B Series | Rugged 90 mm diameter, 10-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
| 9845B Series | Rugged 38 mm diameter, 10-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
Cosmic Ray Studies
Cosmic Ray Studies
Showers of particles produced by cosmic rays striking the upper atmosphere allow the study of physics at energies much higher than those that can be created in any man made accelerator. Air shower telescopes are used to detect these particles. Each shower can produce an extensive cascade of particles covering a large area. Hence a very large array of photomultipliers are used for maximum coverage. These telescopes are normally deployed in remote parts of the world where there is an absence of light pollution.
Related Products
| Product | Description |
|---|---|
| 9107B Series | 30 mm diameter, 11-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
| 9111B Series | Compact 25 mm diameter, 10-stage, blue bialkali photomultiplier with plano-concave window. |
| 9116B Series | Compact 25 mm diameter, 6-stage green bialkali photomultiplier with hemispherical window. |
| 9807B Series | 51 mm diameter, 12-stage, blue bialkali, end window photomultiplier. |
| HV Bases | Compact high voltage bases that operate from a low voltage supply. |